NEW YORK -- When seconds count, the right clothing matters.For the Rio Olympics, Nike used 3-D printing technology to develop small silicone protrusions for redirecting air flow around the runner. Body scanners helped Adidas design suits to keep swimmers in ideal form. Swiss cycling specialist Assos turned to wind tunnels to craft custom, form-fitting suits for the U.S. cycling team.Innovations in suits and shoes have sped up, thanks to advancements in how clothing is designed and tested -- all as manufacturers get creative in working around rules enacted to prevent the apparel equivalent of doping.We make sure we stay inside those rules, but we will get to the very edge of them if we can, said Adam Clement, senior creative director for team sports at Under Armour. Our goal is to innovate in a way that ultimately makes the Olympic rules change. Well adjust, but well feel proud of that accomplishment.---WHY IT MATTERSClothing needs to be form-fitting to minimize air resistance, especially for speed events in cycling, swimming and track.Four seconds in four kilometers is (the difference between) first and eighth place, said Jim Miller, vice president of athletics with USA Cycling.But the wrong materials or designs could mean discomfort and unnecessary weight -- counteracting the gains from drag reduction.Even when speed isnt a factor, clothing promises to reduce irritations such as sweat and heat -- crucial in a hot climate like Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, where the Summer Olympics open on Friday.---PREVENTING PROBLEMSClothing alone wont make up for years of training, good coaching and the right body mechanics, but the wrong kind can hurt.Youre not going to catch magic on race day from magic shoes, U.S. marathoner Desiree Linden said in an interview. But if I train really hard and I get a blister or dont step on my foot right, the race doesnt matter anymore.A late introduction of Under Armours high-tech suit for speedskating got some of the blame for the U.S. teams dismal performance two years ago in Sochi, Russia. UA said it is already testing suits for 2018 and will try to get them to competitors sooner, with more customization for individual body types.For Rio, U.S. cyclists got their Assos suits just two weeks ago and will have the option of wearing their regular outfits if they dont like the fit.---THE OUTFITSAthletes typically get clothing and shoes as part of brand-sponsorship deals.Running specialist Brooks turned to Linden to help design her Hyperion shoes. The shoe fabric eliminates seams to reduce the risk of blisters, while rubber rings on the bottom boost traction in slippery terrains and serve as barriers to contain and propel energy back up, according to the company.It feels like you do get a spring, Linden said. Theres no wasted energy. Its going right back into you. It feels fast.Brooks started selling the shoes in June, though Linden and other Olympians will get extra laser perforations in their shoes for ventilation in Rios heat.Under Armour uniforms for the Canadian rugby and the Swiss and Dutch beach volleyball teams borrow NASA spacesuit technology to reduce body temperature. The insides have crystal-pattern sheets to absorb heat from the body.As for Nikes air-resistance protrusions, the company is embedding them in track suits for about two dozen teams, including the U.S., Brazil, China and Germany. Nike will also make the protrusions available as a tape for runners to stick on their arms and legs.---THE BOUNDARIESSwimming has among the toughest guidelines after Speedos suits propelled Michael Phelps and other swimmers to medals and records at the 2008 Olympics. Their full-body suits -- which are no longer permitted -- were developed with NASA to boost buoyancy and reduce drag.Clothing makers can still innovate; they just have to be creative. Michelle Miller, Nikes apparel concept director, said figuring out how is one of my favorite parts of the design process.Adidas Adizero XVI swimsuits for Britains Chris Walker-Hebborn and other swimmers have elastic-like bands meant to keep bodies in streamlined positions. That minimizes drag and propels swimmers in the pool. Because the rules allow Adidas to place the bands only over seams where pieces of fabric meet, Adidas moved the seams over to where it wanted the bands to be.Now that it had bands, Adidas also took the unusual step of designing a model just for the breaststroke to account for the way a swimmers legs move outward in the frog kick, rather than up and down in the more traditional flutter kick.---IN THE LABSOmar Visentin, chief operating officer and former research chief at Assos, said clothing manufacturers now have more sophisticated ways to tests fabrics and the way they are cut and measure minute differences in performance.Other companies even use computer modeling to design that perfect suit with fewer prototypes, said Ajoy Sarkar, a professor at the Fashion Institute of Technology.For the Vazee Sigma track shoes that U.S. sprinter Trayvon Bromell will wear, New Balance turned to 3-D printing technology to test multiple configurations to improve traction and energy transfer.Nike also used 3-D printing and wind tunnels to improve its air-resistance protrusions, which worked only for sprints during the 2012 Olympics. Miller said prototypes from 3-D printing allowed Nike to find a shape that works for longer distances, too.Adidas designed its Adizero MD mid-distance shoes to account for curvatures in the track, rather than just the straightaway portions of races. It tested various combinations of stiffness and thinness to keep runners like Kenyas David Rudisha stabilized so they dont slow down at curves.Adidas director of future, Deborah Yeomans, said engineers are already at work on designs for 10 years from now -- when expectations will be even higher. Wholesale Mavericks Jerseys . 31, the CFL club announced Monday. The team also has yet to decide on the future of Doug Berry, who began the season as a consultant to the head coach but took over the offensive co-ordinators duties in July. Ray Spalding Jersey . Robredo, ranked No. 16, bounced back from an upset loss to Leonardo Mayer in the second round of the Royal Guard Open in Chile last week to down Carreno Busta in 1 hour, 25 minutes. On a day filled mostly with qualifying matches, fifth-seeded Marcel Granollers of Spain also entered the second with a 7-5, 3-6, 6-2 win over Aljaz Bedene of Slovenia, while Guido Pella of Argentina defeated Guillermo Garcia-Lopez of Spain 7-6 (6), 6-4 to advance. http://www.cheapmavericksjerseys.com/ . Uniteds eighth defeat of a wretched campaign means Liverpool, which currently occupies the fourth and final Champions League place, could go nine points clear of its fierce rival by beating West Bromwich Albion on Sunday. Charlie Adam scored both of Stokes goals at Britannia Stadium either side of Robin van Persies equalizer, with a miserable day for seventh-place United capped by first-half injuries to centre halves Jonny Evans and Phil Jones that forced them off. Cheap Mavericks Jerseys Authentic . PAUL, Minn. Kostas Antetokounmpo Jersey . "It was nerve-wracking, but we pulled through," said Collaros, who threw four touchdown passes to lead the Toronto Argonauts (8-4) to a 33-27 win over the Calgary Stampeders (9-3) in front of 28,781 fans at McMahon Stadium. CORAL GABLES, Fla. -- Hurricane Matthews slow march toward Florida kept plenty of major college football teams guessing about their weekend plans on Wednesday, with schools still waiting to determine if moving or rescheduling games will be necessary because of the massive storm.All games involving teams from the AP Top 25 this weekend were on as scheduled, including three being held in areas that forecasters believe could deal with Matthews wrath in the coming days -- No. 23 Florida State at No. 10 Miami, LSU visiting No. 18 Florida and No. 25 Virginia Tech at No. 17 North Carolina.Florida said a decision on its game would be made by 1 p.m. Thursday. Miami and Florida State were continuing to monitor developments and discussing contingencies, just in case.We are hopeful that the impact of Hurricane Matthew will be minimal and the game between the Hurricanes and Seminoles will be played as planned, Miami athletic director Blake James said.Also still on: the Georgia at South Carolina football game on Saturday night, even though forecasters think Matthew could be directly affecting that area of the country this weekend.Whatever decision is made, well be ready to go, South Carolina coach Will Muschamp said.The Web.com Tour Championship, a golf tournament scheduled to be played near Jacksonville, Florida, was canceled . Thursdays Tampa Bay at Florida preseason NHL game was postponed, with no reschedule date announced, and with some uncertainty if there would even be a chance to get that game in before the regular season starts next week.The Web.com tournament was the last chance for some golfers to secure their PGA Tour cards for the coming season. It had to be called off after a mandatory evacuation order was posted for Jacksonville beach areas, and theres no opportunity for it to be made up.I know the players who came here needing a good finish to get their cards are very disappointed, Web.com Tour president Bill Calfee said.Even an eSports event scheduled for this weekend -- the UMG Orlando Call of Duty tournament with a $100,000 prize pool -- was called off out of concern for the storm.Regardless of the financial losses, which not hosting the event exposes us to, we felt the safety of our community was obviously far more important, UMG said in the news release announcing the cancellation.In South Florida, everything from high school to pro events are being affected -- even before the storm arrives.The Miami Heat, who were scheduled to leave Friday for a Saturday game in Kansas City, decided to instead depart Wednesday -- for Houston, wherre theyll set up a temporary camp before moving on to the exhibition matchup this weekend.ddddddddddddIn Davie, Florida -- where a hurricane warning was posted -- the Miami Dolphins decided to close their offices on Thursday, which was already an off day for players. The Dolphins are scheduled to host to Tennessee on Sunday afternoon, conditions permitting, and Titans coach Mike Mularkey is keeping a close eye on Matthew for multiple reasons.Im more worried about a lot of family Ive still got in the Fort Lauderdale area, Mularkey said. Thats No. 1 for me.Florida State planned to fly to Miami on Thursday evening for this weekends nationally televised football showdown against the Hurricanes. Those plans are now iffy at best, Seminoles coach Jimbo Fisher said.It looks like the worst of it may hit Thursday night in Miami. So we may have to wait until Friday morning before we go down and see what goes on, Fisher said. Thats our thoughts right now, but we dont know. Were still getting updates as it goes.Florida Atlantic University in Boca Raton, Florida, is directly in Matthews forecasted path and made wholesale changes to its schedules.FAUs football team, scheduled to play host to Charlotte on Saturday, left for Tampa and will practice at South Florida for the remainder of the week. FAUs volleyball team also headed out of town to practice, a womens golf tournament FAU was to host in Boca Raton was canceled and events this weekend for volleyball, mens soccer, softball, womens tennis and swimming were also either postponed or called off.Other cancelations and schedule changes announced Wednesday related to Matthew include:- Friday nights Tulane at Central Florida football game in Orlando has been pushed back to Nov. 5.- The Washington Nationals said the rest of their instructional league games on Floridas coast this week would be canceled.- A number of college volleyball and soccer matches from Florida to North Carolina were rescheduled or moved.- Fridays Indy Eleven at Jacksonville North American Soccer League game was postponed.- The University of North Florida, located in Jacksonville, said its cross-country teams would not travel to Tallahassee for a meet at Florida State on Friday. A Friday softball exhibition and a Saturday home swim meet were canceled, and a mens soccer game Saturday night against NJIT was postponed.- Savannah State said its Saturday home football game against Morgan State has been postponed. ' ' '