The McLaren Report Part II, released Friday, is the fourth major investigative document on Russian doping to be published in the past 13 months. All were commissioned by the World Anti-Doping Agency. All were initially prompted by whistleblowers combined with journalistic pressure rather than proactive internal questioning and probing.Each has added a layer of understanding to the scope of centralized sabotage in Russia, where the tentacles extended from the government out onto the field of play. The countrys political-athletic-industrial complex reacted to each new anti-doping initiative with the organic response of antibiotic-resistant bacteria: It mutated and persevered. More than 1,000 athletes in 30 sports have been shown to be involved so far. Every major international competition within the past five years has been compromised on a scale that exceeds even the most cynical suspicions.There is enough revision needed to the medal standings that the International Olympic Committee really should schedule a midterm Games just to conduct fresh podium ceremonies -- assuming, that is, that the new recipients were tested as well. Because the most obvious conclusion to be drawn from the cumulatively numbing information on the table is that the current anti-doping infrastructure is far too easily gamed -- by Russia or by any individual, sport or nation with sufficient will and wile. As my British colleagues would say, it isnt fit for purpose.Never has the gap between cheaters and testers been so well-illuminated. As usual, that spotlight has been directed far too late to benefit any athletes who followed the rules. Such a gap is inevitable to some degree, but Russias system also flourished because the entities that run international sport are wired to protect their own turf rather than the grass, asphalt, hardwood, ice and snow where athletes compete.Wed like sports to be straightforward, and sometimes they are perversely so. Russias motive was plain -- a piddling three gold medals in the 2010 Vancouver Winter Games -- and some tools eventually used in that service were MacGyver-esque in their simplicity: Water and salt and instant coffee to alter dirty urine samples. Coke and baby bottles to stash clean urine for future swaps. Slim strips of metal to break into supposedly tamper-proof sample bottles and a pass-through hole in the wall at the Sochi 2014 laboratory.Much of this was previewed in Canadian law professor Richard McLarens first report, released in July three weeks before the Rio Summer Games to some controversy because of reliance on testimony from former Moscow lab director Grigory Rodchenkov.Rodchenkov, who first described?his experience to the New York Times last spring, adroitly played both sides of the fence, developing the science for better detection of steroid use while simultaneously crafting the methodology to beat it. (Fridays report also states Rodchenkov moonlighted as a Russian federal secret agent.) This is a meme often repeated in sports doping, where research can serve dark and light purposes equally well.McLaren Part II turned to forensic evidence to see if Rodchenkovs claims could be substantiated. The professor notes that many witnesses are still reluctant to cooperate because of fears for their safety, and many urine samples remain beyond his reach, long since destroyed or sealed up in the Moscow lab by Russian investigators, a label that should be an oxymoron by now.However, the testing McLaren was able to commission, and the correspondence and data lifted from Rodchenkovs hard drive, revealed enough to corroborate Part I of the report.There wasnt always enough clean or altered urine to switch for dirty samples. DNA testing showed that urine from different athletes was mixed. Russias most prominent athletes were placed on protected lists from the start, their samples automatically misreported as negative in the databases of the Moscow lab and WADA, or earmarked for swapping at competitions. The womens hockey team was elevated to that status on the eve of the Sochi Games, but equality of treatment in Russias national game proved elusive. Execution was sloppy. Male DNA found its way into two of their urine samples.At that point, Russia had gotten away with so much that it seemed unlikely that would ever surface.Isolated attempts to expose the system were ignored, shelved or undermined until it was no longer possible to do so, as was the case with the whistleblowing Stepanovs. McLaren highlights another example that is just as glaring in retrospect: The December 2012 email sent by discus thrower Darya Pishchalnikova straight to the WADA database, addressed to the presidents of the IOC, WADA and IAAF, track and fields governing body.The text of the email is included in the hundreds of pages of evidence posted by McLarens team on a searchable website. Its unclear whether wording is original or translated, but its content is unmistakable: Pishchalnikova, an Olympic silver medalist, had been busted. She didnt think it was fair, and she pointed the powers that be toward what she knew about bribery and sample-swapping.Its hard to parse whether she was being heroic or vindictive or both, but that doesnt really matter. There was no chance her tip was going to be pursued. Subsequent events have implicated the IAAF in the cover-up. Neither WADA -- which already had two-plus years of damning correspondence from Vitaly Stepanov at that point -- nor the IOC wanted any part of lifting the curtain. Soon enough, Pishchalnikova was suspended by her own federation.The evidence against Russia should lead to the kind of broad sanctions rejected by the IOC before the Rio Games. No international competitions should be held in a country with a noncompliant anti-doping agency and continued obstruction of outside efforts to test its athletes, as was documented at last months WADA Foundation Board meeting in Glasgow, Scotland. Russian athletes are still playing hide-and-seek from testers in closed military cities; there is a shortage of trained doping control officers; and record-keeping is sketchy.Repeat: No international competitions. That should include the bobsled and skeleton world championships slated for February in Sochi, and it should include the 2018 FIFA World Cup. No athlete -- including any Russian athletes, by the way -- should be asked to compete there until the security of their urine samples and internet accounts can be better assured. Do you believe in miracles? It would take an unprecedented one to fix whats wrong in Russia in the next 18 months.Russia should also be excluded from the next Winter Olympics, specifically for rigging its own Games. The boundary between individual and collective responsibility so ballyhooed by the IOC last summer is dissolving and diluted, watered down by the near-certainty that athletes knew providing clean pee in a Coke bottle wasnt standard operating procedure. Denial still reigns, in this appointment of a home team defender to a key anti-doping position?and the continued dissent from Russian officials.But the McLaren Report has to be viewed in a context far larger than Russia, as well. It follows, by mere weeks, an extensive critique of the anti-doping process at the Rio Games. And it comes after months of sample retesting from the 2008 and 2012 Summer Games by the IOC that has revealed a preponderance of Russian positives concentrated in two or three sports.First, on retesting: Its a good tool. But the way the IOC has conducted it, with little transparency or useful detail, gets us nowhere in terms of understanding the institutional failures. The dozens of busts for old-school steroids have come from a relative handful of nations, including many former Soviet republics. The vast majority are from the already-battered sport of weightlifting, along with the field events of track and field and a smattering of wrestlers.It defies reason that the retesting has not ensnared athletes from other sports with high stakes and payoffs, that not a single medalist from swimming or gymnastics or tennis or basketball or the 100- or 200-meter events on the track has been caught. It defies common sense that there are no medal winners from North America and few from Western Europe or Asia -- or any household names at all -- on a list that has doubled since the summer and will continue to grow.We dont know which sports and athletes and nations may be cleaner, because we dont know who has been retested. This information has been withheld by the IOC on the premise that revealing it could somehow help the cheaters -- but unless there are mouse holes in every WADA-accredited lab, how would posting test distribution data on 8-year-old samples affect reanalysis results?Meanwhile, we are told 500-plus retesting results from the 2006 Torino Games are locked up by some sort of legal issue. We are told the retests from London 2012 will continue right up until Tokyo 2020. The athletes are told to be patient. They have every right not to be. They have every right to wonder if the IOC is doing the minimum possible to show it is doing something, rather than making its best-faith effort.That is the conclusion I would draw if I were asked to give up more and more of my privacy, and put more and more of my medical information into an online system that has no checks and balances and a vulnerable firewall, only to see it manipulated to favor my competition, with no way to recoup my moment or my monetary losses.Anti-doping will never be perfect, but it could be better with independent, critical thinking applied by executives who arent mired in conflicts of interest and the archaic courtesies of the bowler-hat era of amateur sport. Theres no better illustration of that than the entrenched and until now unchallenged practice of putting host countries in charge of their own Olympic doping labs, under the purported oversight of the IOC. The Sochi lab was efficiently corrupt in pursuit of its goal. Rios operation was dysfunctional in a completely different way, as budget cuts, understaffing and lack of experience resulted in massive testing deficiencies in the run-up and on the ground.Who couldnt see that coming, in a country that only formed its anti-doping agency after winning the Games bid, from a lab suspended multiple times over the previous four years? Leaving the most crucial element of competitive integrity in the very hands of the people most driven to protect the image of the competition is insanity defined.The same should be said about the overlap in leadership and voting membership between WADA and the IOC and its international sport federations. Yes, it would be a challenge to find competent people with no vested interest to run anti-doping, a specialized field that demands scientific, medical, ethical and sporting expertise. But unless the IOC can recognize that it has to shell out money for this purpose while ceding control, the credibility of its flagship event will continue to erode.We may want that event to divert us, to be an island apart, but the waves of money that have flowed into the big muddy delta of Olympic sport for the past four decades have swamped that notion. International competition can reflect many admirable things, but its not an escape from human frailty and greed. It holds a mirror up to those qualities, too. And the bureaucracies surfing the borderless Olympic industry need to look straight at it. http://www.officialraidersgear.com/Raiders-Charles-Woodson-Draft-Jersey/ . -- Edmontons Val Sweeting is two wins away from a trip to Winnipeg to play in Canadas Road of the Rings in December. http://www.officialraidersgear.com/Raiders-Brandon-Parker-Draft-Jersey/ . -- Peyton Manning will have all of his wide receivers available for the first time in a month when the Denver Broncos begin their playoff run Jan. http://www.officialraidersgear.com/Raiders-Eddie-Vanderdoes-Draft-Jersey/ . John Lucas, signed as a mentor for rookie Trey Burke, showed he can score if required, scoring 12 points of his 16 points in the second quarter as Utah built an 18-point lead. http://www.officialraidersgear.com/Raiders-Cory-James-Draft-Jersey/ .Y. -- Buffalo Bills coach Doug Marrone has drawn on his Syracuse connections once again by hiring Rob Moore to take over as receivers coach. http://www.officialraidersgear.com/Raiders-Gareon-Conley-Draft-Jersey/ . Louis Blues teammates who would also be participating in the Olympics, Alex Pietrangelo felt right at home, no different in some ways to the travel experience of any old road trip – save for the length of the journey, that is.Manchester United stand-in skipper Michael Carrick says Marcus Rashfords stunning senior debut against FC Midtjylland on Thursday brought back memories of his first game as a professional. Rashford has previously been named in two matchday squads for United but had not played for the club until he was named in the starting line-up after Anthony Martial picked up an injury in the warm-up. After his sensational debut for Manchester Uniteds first team, weve picked out a few goals from Marcus Rashford during his time with the Under-21s The 18-year-old went on to score twice as Louis van Gaals side won 5-1 on the night at Old Trafford and 6-3 on aggregate. That result sets up a showdown with old rivals Liverpool in the last 16 of the Europa League and Carrick - who was forced to play at centre-back due to the clubs growing injury list, was delighted for his new team-mate.Its great. You cant put a price on that for the younger lads, especially Marcus. Its incredible and brings back memories for me [of] when I made my debut, Carrick told MUTV. Who is Marcus Rashford? All you need to know about Man Utds Europa League hero Its what footballs all about and what this club has been about for so long.For a local lad to do that and come through the system like that, Im delighted for him.Rashford proved to be a saviour for United with his composed finishes in the 64th and 75th minutes. Louis van Gaal says Marcus Rashford had a great performance in Manchester Uniteds 5-1 win over FC Midtjylland after the youngsters dream debut Prior to that, the hosts appeared to be heading for a humiliating exit, as their Danish opponents built upon their 2-1 lead from the first leg as Pione Sisto opened the scoring in the 27th minute.dddddddddddd.Soon after, Nikolay Bodurovs own goal made it 3-2 on aggregate, with Juan Mata then spurning the opportunity to level the tie when his penalty was saved just before half-time.United continue to miss a number of key chances after the restart before Rashfords goals gave them the aggregate lead, with an Ander Herrera penalty and Memphis Depay goal sealing the victory.That was Netherlands international Depays seventh goal of the season but he has struggled at times to justify his £25m move from PSV Eindhoven over the summer. Memphis Depay scored and impressed during the win over FC Midtjylland Van Gaal was keen to praise his contribution on Thursday night, though, and Carrick was also impressed by what he saw on the pitch.Thats the standard Memphis has set now, he said.We know the ability he has got and were really pleased for him. He has been training well and he has had his ups and his downs.Its not easy to come in as a young lad, with all the expectation and everything that comes with playing for this club, but hopefully this can kick-start him and give him a lot of confidence. I thought he was terrific all night and showed what hes capable of, so now its up to him to do that consistently on a week-to-week basis and Im sure he can do that.Watch Manchester United v Arsenal on Super Sunday. Coverage begins on Sky Sports 1 HD at 1pm. Or watch for £6.99 without a contract, on NOW TV. 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